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zzqayy
发布于 2026-07-29 / 2 阅读
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Ubuntu 2404推荐设置

#linux#linux发行版本#linux教程

一. 基础配置

更改源

帮助地址: https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/help/ubuntu.html

source.list格式

# 常规地址
sudo sed -i 's@//.*archive.ubuntu.com@//mirrors.ustc.edu.cn@g' /etc/apt/sources.list
# security地址
sudo sed -i 's/security.ubuntu.com/mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/g' /etc/apt/sources.list

DEB822格式

# 常规地址
sudo sed -i 's@//.*archive.ubuntu.com@//mirrors.ustc.edu.cn@g' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources
# security地址
sudo sed -i 's/security.ubuntu.com/mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/g' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources

卸载snap的firefox,安装deb包

注意: 建议先安装官方包,再卸载

安装官方包

  • 创建 keyrings 目录：

    sudo install -d -m 0755 /etc/apt/keyrings

  • 导入 Mozilla APT 仓库公钥：

    wget -q https://packages.mozilla.org/apt/repo-signing-key.gpg -O- | sudo tee /etc/apt/keyrings/packages.mozilla.org.asc > /dev/null

  • 验证签名一致性：

    gpg -n -q --import --import-options import-show /etc/apt/keyrings/packages.mozilla.org.asc |
  awk '/pub/{getline; gsub(/^ +| +$/,""); if($0 == "35BAA0B33E9EB396F59CA838C0BA5CE6DC6315A3") print "\nThe key fingerprint matches ("$0").\n"; else print "\nVerification failed: the fingerprint ("$0") does not match the expected one.\n"}'

  • 添加镜像仓库：

    echo "deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/packages.mozilla.org.asc] https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/mozilla/apt mozilla main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mozilla.list > /dev/null

  • 设置优先级，避免 Ubuntu 下 snap 版本被优先安装：

    echo '
Package: *
Pin: release a=mozilla
Pin-Priority: 1000
' | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/mozilla

  • 更新并安装：

    sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install firefox firefox-l10n-zh-cn

卸载snap的firefox

snap remove firefox

安装常用软件

sudo apt-get install zsh git ssh safe-rm vim htop curl wget aria2 powerline exuberant-ctags duf -y

开发工具

sudo apt-get install nginx-full cmake extra-cmake-modules python3-dev python3-pip gcc g++ make clang ninja-build fbterm -y

开发软件

sudo apt-get install valkey-server mariadb-client -y

安装最新的nodejs的长期支持版本

可以直接访问官网查看配置: https://deb.nodesource.com

curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_22.x | sudo bash -
sudo apt-get install -y nodejs

fcitx

# fcitx5
sudo apt-get install fcitx5 fcitx5-chinese-addons fcitx5-frontend-all fcitx5-material-color fcitx5-modules fcitx5-pinyin -y

#env,/etc/environment
sudo tee -a /etc/environment <<-'EOF'
GTK_IM_MODULE=fcitx
QT_IM_MODULE=fcitx
XMODIFIERS=@im=fcitx
SDL_IM_MODULE=fcitx
GLFW_IM_MODULE=ibus
EOF

cp /usr/share/applications/org.fcitx.Fcitx5.desktop ~/.config/autostart/

字体和中文化安装

# 基础翻译文件和字体
sudo apt-get install language-pack-gnome-zh-hans language-pack-kde-zh-hans zh-autoconvert zhcon tesseract-ocr-chi-sim manpages-zh gnome-user-docs-zh-hans fonts-noto-cjk fonts-noto-cjk-extra fonts-wqy-microhei fonts-wqy-zenhei fonts-jetbrains-mono

# 如果安装了雷鸟邮箱和libreoffice套件可以安装下面的
sudo apt-get install thunderbird-locale-zh-cn libreoffice-help-zh-cn

ohmyzsh配置

安装插件

sudo apt-get install zsh-autosuggestions zsh-syntax-highlighting

安装ohmyzsh

git clone https://mirror.nju.edu.cn/git/ohmyzsh.git
cd ohmyzsh/tools
REMOTE=https://mirror.nju.edu.cn/git/ohmyzsh.git sh install.sh

启用插件

cat << EOF | tee -a $HOME/.zshrc

#zsh-syntax-highlighting
source "/usr/share/zsh-syntax-highlighting/zsh-syntax-highlighting.zsh"
#zsh-autosuggestions
source "/usr/share/zsh-autosuggestions/zsh-autosuggestions.zsh"
EOF

关闭隐私

ubuntu-report -f send no

二. 其他配置

安装flatpak

## 安装
sudo apt install flatpak

## 插件安装(可选)
## gnome
sudo apt install gnome-software-plugin-flatpak
## kde
sudo apt install plasma-discover-backend-flatpak

## 添加官方仓库
flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo

## 修改仓库为中国科技大学镜像
sudo flatpak remote-modify flathub --url=https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/flathub

keepassxc

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:phoerious/keepassxc
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install keepassxc -y

typora安装

wget -qO - https://typoraio.cn/linux/public-key.asc | sudo tee /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/typora.asc
sudo add-apt-repository 'deb https://typoraio.cn/linux ./'
sudo apt-get update && 	sudo apt-get install typora pandoc -y

OpenJDK

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y wget apt-transport-https

wget -O - https://packages.adoptium.net/artifactory/api/gpg/key/public | sudo tee /etc/apt/keyrings/adoptium.asc

echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/adoptium.asc] https://mirror.nju.edu.cn/adoptium/deb $(awk -F= '/^VERSION_CODENAME/{print$2}' /etc/os-release) main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/adoptium.list

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install temurin-{8,11,17,21,25}-jdk -y

tpm+luk

sudo apt-get install clevis clevis-tpm2 clevis-luks clevis-initramfs initramfs-tools

sudo clevis luks bind -d /dev/nvme0n1p3 tpm2 '{"pcr_bank":"sha256"}'

sudo update-initramfs -u -k all

网易云音乐 gtk

# 添加 PPA 源
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gmg137/ncm
# 刷新源
sudo apt update
# 安装
sudo apt install netease-cloud-music-gtk

四. 安装备份timeshift

sudo apt-get install timeshift -y

五. flutter

依赖安装

sudo apt-get install -y curl git unzip xz-utils zip libglu1-mesa clang cmake git ninja-build pkg-config libgtk-3-dev liblzma-dev libstdc++-12-dev lld llvm clang -y

下载

https://mirror.nju.edu.cn/flutter/flutter_infra/releases/stable/

安装打包工具

dart pub global activate flutter_distributor

六. 安装ruby和打包工具

安装

sudo apt install jq ruby ruby-dev rubygems build-essential -y

修改 Rubygems 默认源

sudo gem sources # 列出默认源
sudo gem sources -a https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/rubygems/ # 添加科大源
sudo gem sources --remove https://rubygems.org/ # 移除默认源

安装打包工具

sudo gem install fpm

七. 内核相关

1.2 切换hwe内核

sudo apt install --install-recommends linux-generic-hwe-24.04

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linuxmint22 版本以上推荐设置